If it's of any help, here's the text from the tute describing the math...
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SPACING THE TEETH
In order for gears to mesh properly, the spacing of the teeth on all of the gears has to be the same amount. Here's how to compute that spacing.
The spacing, or width, of each tooth is equal to the inner circumference of the gear divided by the number of teeth. spacing = inner circumference / tooth count
The equation to find a circumference is circumference = 2(PI x radius), where PI = 3.1416. The inner radius of the star spline is 100, so...
circumference = 2(3.1416 x 100) = 628.32
That makes the tooth spacing...
spacing = 628.32 / 20 = 31.4 units
The second gear has 12 teeth, each 31.4 units wide. So multiply 31.4 by 12 to find what the inner circumference needs to be.
inner circumference = 31.4 x 12 = 376.99 = 377 units
But we need to know the radius. The equation for that is... radius = (circumference / PI) / 2
So the inner radius is (377 / 3.1416) / 2 = 60 units. Recall that the outer radius of the first gear is 40 units more than the inner radius, so the outer radius of this gear will be 60 + 40 = 100 units.
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GEAR RATIOS
The gear ratio describes how much one meshed gear turns in relation to how much the gear it's meshed with turns. The gear ratio is calculated by dividing one gear's circumference by the other gear's circumference. If gear "A" is 10 units around and gear "B" is 5 units around, the gear ratio of A to B is 1:2, and the ration of B to A is 1:0.5. Either way, gear "B" will make two turns for every one turn that gear "A" makes.
If you know the number of teeth on each gear, finding the gear ratio is just as simple; divide the number of teeth on one gear by the number of teeth on the other gear.
gear ratio = tooth count "A" / tooth count "B"
In this demonstration, gear1 has 20 teeth and gear2 has 12 teeth. The ratio of gear1 to gear2 is 20 divided by 12, or 1:1.6666666... on forever. We could round this off to 1:1.67, but every time the gears rotated there would be a slight error that would start to add up over time.
Let's try it in the other direction. The ratio of gear2 to gear1 is 12 divided by 20, or 1:0.6. This is much better. It means that for every full revolution that gear2 (the smaller gear) makes, gear1 (the larger gear) will make 0.6 of a revolution.
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